Sign of depression and mania
must conduct a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation if three to five or more of the following depression signs persist for more than two weeks (one week in the case of mania), or if they interfere with work or family life. An assessment involves a complete physical examination and collection of information on the health history of the family. Not everyone with depression experiences each of these symptoms. The severity of symptoms also varies from person to person.
Depression
- Humor Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty"
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities, including sex
- Restlessness, irritability, or excessive crying
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness, hopelessness, pessimism
- Sleeping too much or too little, early morning awakening
- Loss of appetite and / or weight loss or overeating and weight gain
- Decreased energy, fatigue, feeling "slow"
- Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
- Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain
Mania
- Humor abnormally high
- Irritability
- Ng Disminuci need for sleep
- Notions of grandeur
- Talking more than usual
- Thoughts volatile
- Increased activity, including sexual activity
- Marked increase energy
- Loss of judgment leading to risky behavior
- Inappropriate social behavior
Causes of Depression
Genetic factors
There is some risk to develop depression when there is family history of the disease, indicating that they may have inherited a biological vulnerability. The risk increases for those with bipolar disorder. However, not everyone with a family history of the disease develops. In addition, major depression can occur in people who have no family members with the disease. This indicates that additional factors, possibly biochemistry, environmental stressors, and psychosocial factors have to do with the onset of depression.
Factors Biochemical
Evidence shows that the biochemistry of the brain is a significant factor in depressive disorders. We know, for example, people with major depression disorder typically have deregulation of certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. In addition, sleep patterns, which are influenced by the biochemistry, typically differ in people with depressive disorders. Depression can be induced or alleviated with certain medications, and some hormones have the effect of changing the mood. What we do not know is whether the "biochemical disturbances" of depression are genetic or are secondary to stress, trauma, physical illness, or some other environmental condition.
A significant loss, a difficult relationship, financial problems, or a major change in life have all been listed as contributors to depressive illness. Sometimes the onset of depression is associated with acute or chronic physical illness. In addition, some forms of substance abuse occurring in more than one third of people with any type of depressive disorder.
Other psychological and social factors
People with certain characteristics-pessimistic thoughts, low self-esteem, a sense of having little control over life events, and the tendency to worry excessively-are more likely to develop depression. These attributes can increase the effect of stress or interfere with the initiative to deal with problems or improved. The parenting or sex role expectations may contribute to the development of these characteristics. It seems that negative thought patterns typically develop during childhood or adolescence. Some experts suggest that the traditional upbringing of girls can develop these characteristics and can be a factor in the high rate of depression in women.
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